Facial Reanimation

7.6.1 Review the anatomy of the facial nerve.

7.6.2 Review the microscopic anatomy of a motor nerve (axons, epineurium, etc.).

7.6.3 What is the Sunderland classification of nerve injury (schematic drawings would help? What are the estimated spontaneous recovery times?

7.6.4 Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of various facial nerve reanimation modalities.

7.6.5 Discuss the management of the eye in facial paralysis, include surgical procedures.

7.6.6 What is Bell’s phenomenon?

7.6.7 Discuss the timing and techniques of facial nerve grafting. What options are there for donor nerves?

7.6.8 Discuss the timing and techniques of nerve transposition. Which nerves can be transposed?

7.6.9 Discuss the timing and techniques of muscle transfer. Which muscles are used?

7.6.10 Summarize the following paper:

Gousheh J, Arasteh E. Treatment of facial paralysis: dynamic reanimation of spontaneous facial expression-apropos of 655 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011 Dec;128(6):693e-703e. PMID: 21841532

7.6.11 Discuss non-surgical management of facial nerve paralysis.

Cronin GW, Steenerson RL. The effectiveness of neuromuscular facial retraining combined with electromyography in facial paralysis rehabilitation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Apr;128(4):534-8. PMID:12707657