Nasal Obstruction

4.7.1 Describe the evaluation of a patient with allergic rhinitis.

4.7.2 What is the pharmacologic mechanism of action and the potential side effects of antihistamines, systemic steroids, intranasal steroid sprays, decongestants, and anticholinergic agents used in the management of rhinitis?

4.7.3 What is non allergic rhinitis (NAR) and what are some of the common subtypes of NAR?

4.7.4 Compare and contrast the medical management of allergic rhinitis and NAR.

Tran N, Vickey J, Blaiss M: Management of rhinitis: allergic and non-allergic. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2011 July;3(3); 148-156. PMID:21738880

4.7.5 This patient presents with a history of nasal obstruction and a foul smell from the nose and has the nasal endoscopic exam shown. What is the patient's diagnosis? Describe the management options for this problem.

4.7.6 What are the characteristics of nonallergic rhinopathy (idiopathic NAR)? What are the management options for this condition?

4.7.7 What is hormonal rhinitis? What physical conditions are associated with it? What is rhinitis medicamentosa? Describe the treatment for rhinitis medicamentosa.

4.7.8 Discuss the surgical indications and techniques for the management of nasal obstruction secondary to inferior turbinate hypertrophy.

4.7.9 What are the potential complications of the surgical procedures used to treat nasal obstruction due to inferior turbinate hypertrophy?

4.7.10 Based on this image, what is the source of this patient's nasal obstruction? What is the optimal management for this problem? What are the potential complications associated with this condition if left untreated? 

http://portal.entnet.org/images/COCLIA/2011-2012%20updates/COCLIA%20Media/Nasal%20Obstruction/Nasal-Obstruction-Q10-081118_191.jpg

4.7.11 Describe surgical management of septal perforation. What are the potential complications of the repair? Are there any contraindications to this procedure?