Pediatric Neck Masses

6.10.1 List congenital neck masses by their location in the neck.

6.10.2 Discuss the embryology and physical findings of 1st arch branchial cleft anomalies- type I and II.

Triglia JM, Nicollas R, Ducroz V, Koltai PJ, Garabedian EN. First branchial cleft anomalies: a study of 39 cases and a review of the literature. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1998 Mar;124(3):291-5. PMID:9525513

Solares CA, Chan J, Koltai PJ. Anatomical variations of the facial nerve in first branchial cleft anomalies. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Mar;129(3):351-5. PMID:12622548

6.10.3 Describe the course of 2nd and 3rd arch anomalies with specific relation to pertinent neurovascular structures.

Mandell DL. Head and neck anomalies related to the branchial apparatus. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2000 Dec;33(6):1309-32. PMID:11449789

6.10.4 Thyroglossal duct cysts…discuss the embryologic development and typical presentation.

6.10.5 Describe preoperative workup and considerations for thyroglossal duct cysts, treatment and success rates.

Gupta P, Maddalozzo J. Preoperative sonography in presumed thyroglossal duct cysts. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001 Feb;127(2):200-2. PMID:11177039

6.10.6 Describe the etiology, physical exam findings, and treatment options for lymphatic malformations with success rates (hint: surgical and non-surgical treatment).

Smith MC, Zimmerman MB, Burke DK, Bauman NM, Sato Y, Smith RJ; OK-432 Collaborative Study Group. Efficacy and safety of OK-432 immunotherapy of lymphatic malformations. Laryngoscope. 2009 Jan;119(1):107-15. PMID:19117316

6.10.7 Review pseudotumor of infancy and congenital muscular torticollis.

Wei JL, Schwartz KM, Weaver AL, Orvidas LJ. Pseudotumor of infancy and congenital muscular torticollis: 170 cases. Laryngoscope. 2001 Apr;111(4 Pt 1):688-95. PMID:11359141

6.10.8 Give the differential diagnosis and treatment for inflammatory/infectious pediatric neck masses.

6.10.9 Discuss the presentation and treatment of cervicofacial nontuberculous mycobacterial adenitis.

Lindeboom JA, Kuijper EJ, Bruijnesteijn van Coppenraet ES, Lindeboom R, Prins JM. Surgical excision versus antibiotic treatment for nontuberculous mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis in children: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Apr 15;44(8):1057-6Epub 2007 Mar 2. PMID:17366449

Lindeboom JA. Conservative wait-and-see therapy versus antibiotic treatment for nontuberculous mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis in children. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Jan 15;52(2):180-Epub 2010 Dec 10. PMID:21288841

6.10.10 Review pediatric parotid masses.

Orvidas LJ, Kasperbauer JL, Lewis JE, Olsen KD, Lesnick TG. Pediatric parotid masses. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000 Feb;126(2):177-84. PMID:10680869

6.10.11 Discuss rhabdomyosarcoma with respect to its’ pathologic and clinical grading.

Gillespie MB, Marshall DT, Day TA, Mitchell AO, White DR, Barredo JC. Pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2006 Jan;7(1):13-22. PMID:16343365

6.10.12 What are the current treatment recommendations for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma?

Gillespie MB, Marshall DT, Day TA, Mitchell AO, White DR, Barredo JC. Pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2006 Jan;7(1):13-22. PMID:16343365