Pediatric Rhinosinusitis
Which paranasal sinuses are present at birth? At what age do the other sinuses appear?
Which organisms are involved in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis? Describe the possible complications of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.
DeMuri GP, Wald ER. Complications of acute bacterial sinusitis in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011 Aug;30(8):701-2. PMID:21750448
What are the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis in children?
List risk factors for the development of chronic rhinosinusitis in the pediatric population.
Steele RW. Rhinosinusitis in children. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2006 Nov;6(6):508-12. PMID:17026877
Describe the most common pediatric immunodeficiencies which can lead to recurrent bacterial rhinosinusitis.
Stiehm ER. The four most common pediatric immunodeficiency's. J Immunotoxicol. 2008 Apr;5(2):227-34. PMID:18569394
Discuss the utility of plain radiography versus computer tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. What percentage of children with an upper respiratory tract infection in the previous 2 weeks will have mucosal abnormalities in their sinuses on sinus CT?
Leo G, Mori F, Incorvaia C, Barni S, Novembre E. Diagnosis and management of acute rhinosinusitis in children. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2009 May;9(3):232-7. PMID:19348724
American Academy of Pediatrics. Subcommittee on Management of sinusitis and Committee on Quality Improvement: clinical practice guideline: management of sinusitis. Pediatrics. 2001 Sep;108(3):798-808. PMID:11533355
When should you consider treating a child with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis? What antibiotics are recommended as first line treatment in children with acute rhinosinusitis? What antibiotics are typically recommended if the first line treatment fails?
Leo G, Mori F, Incorvaia C, Barni S, Novembre E. Diagnosis and management of acute rhinosinusitis in children. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2009 May;9(3):232-7. PMID:19348724
Do antibiotics prevent the complications of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis?
Keith T, Saxena S, Murray J, Sharland M. Risk-benefit analysis of restricting antimicrobial prescribing in children: what do we really know? Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2010 Jun;23(3):242-8. PMID:20375892
Discuss the known efficacy of decongestants, antihistamines and nasal irrigation in children with clinically diagnosed acute sinusitis.
Shaikh N, Wald ER, Pi M. Decongestants, antihistamines, and nasal irrigation for acute sinusitis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Dec 8;(12):CD007909. PMID:21154389
What is the initial recommended surgical procedure for children with chronic pediatric rhinosinusitis? What is the efficacy of this procedure?
Brietzke SE, Brigger MT. Adenoidectomy outcomes in pediatric rhinosinusitis: a meta-analysis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Oct;72(10):1541-Epub 2008 Aug 23. PMID:18723228Â
How are newborns screened for cystic fibrosis? Describe how the sweat test is performed and its role in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.
Farrell PM, Rosenstein BJ, White TB et al. Guidelines for Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in newborns through older adults: dystic fibrosis foundation consensus report. J Pediatr. 2008 Aug;153(2):S4-S14. PMID:18639722
What are the most common symptoms of cystic fibrosis (sinopulmonary, gastrointestinal, nutritional, genital)?
Farrell PM, Rosenstein BJ, White TB et al. Guidelines for Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in newborns through older adults: dystic fibrosis foundation consensus report. J Pediatr. 2008 Aug;153(2):S4-S14. PMID:18639722
What is the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)? Discuss the mechanisms by which a mutation in CFTR can promote chronic rhinosinusitis.
What bacteria typically are found in the sinuses of cystic fibrosis patients? Does the type of bacteria found relate to the age of the patient?
When is functional endoscopic sinus surgery indicated in non-CF and CF pediatric patients?
Cable BB, Mair EA. Pediatric functional endoscopic sinus surgery: frequently asked questions. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2006 Sep;115(9):643-57. PMID:17044535
Lieser JD, Derkay CS. Pediatric sinusitis: when do we operate? Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005 Feb;13(1):60-6. PMID:15654218
What is ciliary dyskinesia? What is Kartagener's syndrome?
What is the nasal nitric oxide measurement and how does it relate to pediatric sinusitis?
Carraro S, Cutrone C, Cardarelli C, Zanconato S, Baraldi E. Clinical application of nasal nitric oxide measurement. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2010 Jan-Mar;23(1 Suppl):50-2. PMID:20152081